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People are very brave when they are on the ground….

The only people who do not display false bravado from the floor are usually grooms. The jury is still out as to whether this is because they don’t want their pay check to be paralysed, or because they have insider information on how badly the horse you are sitting on behaves.

Work riding is not for the faint-hearted, but even the stoutest (or most alcoholically-courageous) heart will at some point encounter a sadist who pushes the boundaries. My favourite phrases to come out of trainers’ mouths are things that never crossed my mind up until that point, like “Oh, just sit down reeeeeeally carefully when you get on. And, er, don’t sneeze.” This is assures that you spend the next hour not breathing, not moving, as the half ton under you twitches every time a leaf crackles under foot. Death is imminent at every hoofbeat. Or “Did the groom tell you to ride him in two running reins? No, I only did that because I, um, couldn’t decide what colour I liked.” Yeah. Sure. I’ll have that put on my gravestone. And my favourite: “By the way, do you have a body protector? No? Oh, no, no reason, come hop on.” Bastards.

In fact, I find that if you want some honesty, the best person to ask is the groom, especially when they blanche a little as you ask them to fetch number twenty-two. I think it’s partly because they take pity on us – surely the only thing worse than cleaning up behind a dealing horse is being on top of one?
One of the skill sets they don’t teach you in the EQASA courses is psychology – I’ve become an astute reader of that first reaction. There is disbelief (“The boss really told you to ride this one? It had saddle on for first time yestaday?”); amusement (“Ey! You crezy! This one jumped out of the lunge ring this morning!”); or on the odd occasion irritation at my trusting enthusiasm (“Why do you think we wait two days for you to come ride? We had four grooms holding just to clean the back feet. But sure, good idea, let’s ride. Where is your medical aid card?). None of these are good. Stay on the ground.

It’s easy to romantise being a working student. In reality, freelance work riders are in many ways worse off than grooms: they get no set salary, so are cannon fodder – if they are injured the employer is under no obligation to look after them, and they don’t earn at all. As they are usually paid per ride the temptation is to get maximum mileage out of them for minimum cost, so horses are often rushed. The riders aren’t on any medical coverage from employers, such as grooms who are on workman’s compensation, or have any other coverage (oh, like a roof over their heads). In the meanwhile, dealers or trainers just load another cannon and find another kippie to hop on.

It finally landed up that the person I rode for the longest was the one who would ride everything first. This was a stamp of approval and respect for me, despite the fact that she was an adrenalin junkie, and would do three rodeo rounds through the garden and then dismount, grinning, and hand me the reins – “You’ll love this one!” Oh dear lord.
I suppose the moral of the story is this: it’s easy to be brave from the ground, so always take those folks with a pinch of salt and put yourself first. If you want riders to suck it up, they better see you being brave from on top. And if all else fails, I remember this quote from Stephen Leacock:

“It takes a good deal of physical courage to ride a horse. This, however, I have. I get it at about forty cents a flask, and take it as required.”

 

 

The Great Whip Debate – Ashleigh Hughes (Love Racing)

One of the most controversial subjects about horseracing is the use of the whip. It has become a topic full of “urban myths”, largely due to the fact that most outside observers are unaware of the strict rules governing the whipping of racehorses. Each international racing jurisdiction has its own set of rules pertaining to whip usage, but we will be discussing the National Horseracing Authority of South Africa’s rules, regulations and guidlines on the matter. The official rules are very strict and actively enforced, and the whip is referred to as a “crop”, in the NHA rule book. Each horse is thoroughly checked, by two vets after every race, to ascertain if a jockey has caused welts or wheals, or other similar injury, to the horse with his crop.

Jockeys showing the whip

Jockeys showing the whip- Photo Courtesy of JC Photo Graphics

In recent times, the international trend has been for racing authorities to adopt the cushioned whip as the standard. The “AirCush” was developed in the mid 90’s in the UK, as a response to pressure by the RSPCA, to make the whip more humane and less painful when used in a race. The revolutionary new whip had an air filled pocket as a “flap”, which extended halfway up the shaft, and absorbed and dissipated the shock of the whip on the horse’s skin. This was adequately demonstrated when the developers hit a pane of glass with one of the old traditional racing whips, and the glass shattered immediately. The new design cushioned whip was used to strike a similar glass pane several times, and the glass remained intact. The British Horseracing Authorities needed no more than that glass pane test to make the new popper whips compulsory in all races, in 2007. Ireland and South Africa followed suit shortly afterwards. Australia also adopted to cushioned whips in 2009. It was a huge revelation in the world of horseracing, and the jockeys all reported that the horses still responded equally well, if not better, than they did to the traditional unpadded whips. How then does the whip encourage the horse if it does not cause pain? The extra cushioning causes a loud popping, or cracking noise when it makes contact with the horse’s skin, which is where this whip gets its nickname – “the popper”. This loud noise seems to encourage the horse more than the actual action of being hit.

Cushion Whips

Cushion Whips

 

The NHA also has rules regarding the dimensions of a whip. It is required that the whips used for race riding, and track exercise, may not be longer than 68cm, have a diameter less than 1cm, and weigh more than 160g. The padded cushioned area may not be bound to the shaft less than 17cm from the end – that makes the padded flap just under one third the length of the entire whip. Since the cushioned whip became compulsory in the UK, many other companies have made similar whips, with the “ProCush” and “Soft Cush” being the most popular versions of the “popper”.

When watching a finish, a casual observer may think that a jockey is hitting the horse literally every single stride. But what is really happening, is the jockey is “showing” the whip to the horse – this means that he holds the whip forward near the horse’s eye, so it can see the whip. The horses respond well to this urging, and the jockeys are required to” show” the whip to the horse several times, and allow it to respond before they may hit the horse behind the saddle, when riding out the finish of a race. Any jockey will tell you that, in most cases, if they hit a horse too hard or too often, the horse will actually stop responding – there is a delicate balance between the whip being used as an encourager, and not a punisher. The NHA rules also state that the jockey may not hit the horse anywhere on its head or flank, or lift his arm higher than shoulder height to hit the horse behind the saddle. He may not leave marks or welts either. There is also a limit of the number of times a horse may be hit during a race, including not for more than three consecutive strides , and with 12 cameras filming the race from every direction, all of the footage is recorded and available for immediate playback should an official wish to review the whip usage.

If the vet discovers welts or wheals on a horse, the jockey will be called out into the horse holding area to see the horse in person, before he is fined for whip abuse. (Each welt garners a R1000 fine) All transgressors of whip rules have their names and penalties published on the NHA website. The vets, and race day officials, all have the authority to penalise any rider who they feel has abused the whip on a horse, even if it falls outside the scope of the official rules.

But why do we even need to use a whip on a racehorse? Surely they are competitive enough to run without them? Urging on those on, that are a little lazy, as most riders do in other equestrian sports, is not the only reason that a whip is needed. In fact, using the whip as a steering aid is equally as important. Remember that jockeys sit with very short stirrup irons, in a high lightseat position, which completely negates two of the most important “aids” that a normal equestrian rider relies on – the seat and the legs. The reins are also held in a “bridge” formation, which largely nullifies the steering, that one would normally have when riding astride. They also do not keep a contact with the horse’s mouth, through the bit, as they push out a horse during the high adrenaline finish of a race. So at a 65km/h gallop, the whip becomes the most powerful steering aid a jockey has at his disposal, especially when split second decisions have to be made to prevent accidents or interference, and to keep a straight track to the winning post. But if you watch carefully, you will see the more successful jockeys often “put their sticks away”, and ride out the last few metres of a tight, competitive finish, with just their “hands and heels”.

Dr Dale Wheeler is the Head Veterinary Surgeon for the NHA, and he has a strong “pro-welfare” approach when it comes to his duties. Dr Wheeler spends much of his spare time doing pro bono veterinary work for the Highveld Horse Care Unit in Gauteng. When formulating the rules and guidelines, he makes sure that the horse’s wellbeing is the main directive at all times. The rules are under constant scrutiny, and amendments are made when necessary, from time to time.

LoveRacing1

 

*The “whip rules”, in their entirety, can be found on the NHA website, both under the “Welfare” tab, and in the official rules at NHRA RULES